PCB EMI 문제 해결: 전자기 소음을 찾고 줄이는 방법

Electromagnetic interference, or EMI, is one of the most common problems engineers encounter when developing electronic and industrial control systems. A PCB may work perfectly on the laboratory bench but begin to experience communication errors, unexpected resets, sensor noise, or intermittent operation after it is installed inside a machine. Why does this happen? The problem […]

RS-485 Termination and Bias Resistor: Practical Calculation and Troubleshooting

RS-485 is widely used in industrial automation systems to connect PLCs, robots, PCs, remote I/O, sensors, and controllers. Although RS-485 is designed for reliable differential communication, incorrect termination, biasing, wiring, or grounding can cause intermittent communication problems. This article explains how to calculate the termination and bias resistors in a practical RS-485 network. 1. Basic […]